Definition and Examples of Telicity in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Telicity in English Grammar In phonetics, telicity is the aspectual property of an action word state (or of the sentence in general) which demonstrates that an activity or occasion has a reasonable endpoint. Otherwise called aspectual boundedness. An action word state introduced as having an endpoint is supposed to be telic. Conversely, an action word state that isn't introduced as having an endpoint is supposed to be atelic. See Examples and Observations beneath. Additionally observe: AspectGrammaticalizationTransitivity EtymologyFrom the Greek, end, objective Models and Observations Telic action words incorporate fall, kick, and make (something). These action words appear differently in relation to atelic action words, where the occasion has no such common end-point, similarly as with play (in such a setting as the youngsters are playing). - David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, fourth ed. Blackwell, 1997 Testing for TelicityOne dependable test to recognize telic and atelic action word phrases is to take a stab at utilizing the ing word type of the action word express as immediate object of complete or finish, which allude to the characteristic purpose of fulfillment of an activity. Just telic action word expressions can be utilized along these lines. . . . [What did you do last night?] - I wrapped up the rooftop/*repairing}. (Fix the rooftop is a telic VP while fix is atelic.)It was 11:30 p.m. at the point when I finished {writing the report/*writing}. (Compose the report is a telic VP while compose is atelic.)He {stopped/*finished/*completed} being their pioneer in 1988. (Be their pioneer is an atelic VP.) In contrast to complete and finish, the action word stop alludes to a self-assertive endpoint. It can along these lines be trailed by an atelic action word state. On the off chance that it is trailed by a telic one, stop is by implicature deciphered as alluding to a temporary endpoint going before the characteristic purpose of fulfillment: I quit perusing the book at five. (involves that I had not wrapped up the book when I quit understanding it) (Renaat Declerck in collaboration with Susan Reed and Bert Cappelle, The Grammar of the English Tense System: A Comprehensive Analysis. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Action word Meaning and Telicity Since telicity is so subject to clausal components other than the action word, it could be discussed whether it is spoken to in action word significance by any stretch of the imagination. So as to investigate that banter, lets start by looking at watch and eat. Models (35) and (36) give a negligible pair, in that the main component that contrasts in the two sentences is the action word. (35) I watched a fish. [Atelic-Activity](36) I ate a fish. [Telic-Accomplishment] Since the sentence with watch is atelic and the sentence with eat is telic, it appears we should infer that the action word is liable for the (a)telicity of the sentence in these cases, and that watch is by its tendency atelic. In any case, that simple end is confounded by the way that telic circumstances can likewise be portrayed with watch: (37) I watched a film. [Telic-Accomplishment] The way to whether every one of these circumstances is telic or not is in the second argumentthe action words object. In the atelic watch model (35) and the telic eat model (36), the contentions appear to be indistinguishable. Go somewhat more profound, in any case, and the contentions don't appear to be so comparable. At the point when one eats a fish, one eats its physical body. At the point when one watches a fish, it is more than the physical body of the fish that is relevantone watches a fish accomplishing something, regardless of whether all it is doing is existing. That is, the point at which one watches, one watches not a thing, yet a circumstance. In the event that the circumstance that is viewed is telic (for example the playing of a film), at that point so is the watching circumstance. On the off chance that the watched circumstance isn't telic (for example the presence of a fish), at that point nor is the watching circumstance. In this way, we can't presume that watch its elf is telic or atelic, however we can reason that the semantics of watch disclose to us that it has circumstance contention, and the watching movement is coextensive with . . . the contentions circumstance. . . .Numerous action words resemble this-their telicity is straightforwardly impacted by the boundedness or telicity of their contentions, thus we should reason that those action words themselves are unknown for telicity. - M. Lynne Murphy, Lexical Meaning. Cambridge University Press, 2010 Telicity in the exacting sense plainly is an aspectual property which isn't absolutely or even essentially lexical. - Rochelle Lieber, Morphology and Lexical Semantics. Cambridge University Press, 2004

The Issue and History of Illiteracy Among African Americans

The Issue And History Of Illiteracy Among African Americans Becca White Writing 123 Instructor Sydney Darby 27 May 2008 Illiteracy is a developing issue in America. The U. S. Division of Education subsidized the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) in 1992 that gauges more than 90 million Americans fall well underneath an eight evaluation proficiency level (Rome, 2004, pp. 84). No place is this catastrophe more common than among the devastated African Americans. Absence of education has consistently been higher among African Americans now the hole is becoming much more extensive because of a verity of reasons.According to the National Assessment of Adult Literacy Prison Survey (2003), the main obstacle to turning into a criminal is being able to peruse past the eighth grade, and the main preventive for a prisoner turning into a recurrent perp is to teach in proficiency past the eighth grade level. â€Å"Today, the meaning of education depends on what is called practical proficiency . That is, somebody is proficient in the event that they can work appropriately inside society,† (Roman, 2004, pp. 81).This definition can cover an assortment of abilities perusing and composing as well as the aptitudes required to process general data from one’s environmental factors (Roman, 2004, pp. 81). To genuinely start to comprehend the issues encompassing lack of education among African Americans you need to return to the start. America saw 7. 7 million slaves imported from Africa between 1492-1820 the greater part the imports of slaves occurred from 1700-1800 (Foner, 2006, pp. 112). By the 1830’s laws were set up to make the training of slaves unlawful, accordingly just 10% of slaves were proficient (Foner, 2006, pp. 48). At the time servitude finished distinctly about 10% of the African American populace could peruse and do entireties †An indispensably significant capacity in a Jim Crow society. Jim Crowism came to exemplify the laws, customs, and approaches of isolation (Foner, 2006, pp. 310), yet more significantly the post common war ‘separate yet not equal’ mindset. The expression from Brent Staples (2006) article, ‘Why Slave-Era Barriers to Black Literacy Still Matter,’ grabbed my eye as he composed, â€Å"literacy was a type of social capital that could be passed starting with one age then onto the next. While post Civil War America pushed toward the 1880’s laws were passed in the South creation it legitimate to capture any jobless African American and the punishments for negligible wrongdoings were inconceivably expanded the discipline all were condemned to work camps (Foner, 2006, pp. 557). Work camps it shows up were made for constrained work pools; this is additionally the principal huge deluge of African Americans into the corrective framework. African Americans were banned from Unions, interest in Democracy, and from talented employment.Further more people were frantically poor an d unaffected by the laws controlling hours and conditions that work was under (Foner, 2006, pp. 645). Just before World War I, 90% of African Americans despite everything lived in the South, banned from everything except the most modest, incompetent, work and paid the least wages. Numerous African American ladies needed to work outside the home so as to enable the family to endure (Foner, 2006, pp. 650). During WWI mass relocation of more than 1 million African Americans occurred out of the South and into the Northern ghettos of New York, Detroit, Chicago, Buffalo, and Trenton (Foner, 2006, pp. 85). Industrialization, a large number of occupations had opened in the North and numerous African Americans were searching for an opportunity at living wages, for their kids to go to class, and getaway the steady dread of lynching (Foner, 2006, pp. 685). The last to enter the workforce of the industrialized employments they were the first to lose them as the economy drooped. Presently as opp osed to being kept in the profound Southern wide open the devastated African Americans were in ghettos across America’s industrialized cities.The 1980’s saw the deindustrialization of Northern urban communities as a huge number of African Americans lost positions as processing plants shut the country over. The national joblessness pace of 1981 was 8. 9% however African Americans surpassed over 20% of the all out joblessness due to some extent to the powerlessness to change over to progressively specialized employments because of less fortunate training. The eighties saw African American guys fall farther than some other gathering as far as wages and employments (Foner, 2006, pp. 920).The eighties likewise observed the War on Drugs start with new condemning laws making jail sentences longer and harsher for ownership of a lot littler amounts of split and cocaine (Foner, 2006, pp. 951). With the winding down of the split pestilence, crime percentages dropped the nation ov er anyway jail populace are still on the ascent (Foner, 2006, pp. 951). In 2000, more than 2 million men were in jail with around 4. 2 million more on parole, or probation, convict work is presently being used again in a few States (Foner, 2006, pp. 951).Among jail prisoners, African American men make up over 70%, and speaks to just 6% of the absolute US populace. The ongoing idea is a large portion of the dark prisoners can't peruse, they likewise are less taught than their dads had been (Nealy, 2008, pp. 21). It is evaluated that as much as 70% of prisoners are ignorant, and that 40-70% have not completed a GED or secondary school program (Drakeford, 2002, pp. 139). The expense as indicated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (2001) was $22,632 per detainee every year or $62. 01 every day. The absolute populace under remedial oversight incorporates in excess of 7 million individuals, or around 3. percent of all US grown-ups (Western, 2007, pp. 512). Research has demonstrated that pro ficiency is legitimately connected to bring down crime percentages, and that escalated instruction programs actualized in detainment facilities definitely brought down recidivism paces of prisoners after discharge (Drakeford, 2002, pp. 139). The expense of detainment is on the ascent alongside jail populaces it appears that Nationally we are attracting nearer and nearer to an emergency point where the guarantors of absence of education among the African Americas particularly should be tended to and taken care of appropriately.In all the examination and history I secured that goes into the issue of lack of education what still can't seem to address is the reason ignorance is such an industrious issue among the African American guys. The nearest clarification comes not from an exploration paper however from an article by Orlando Patterson (2006), titled ‘A Poverty of the Mind,’ where the writer guarantees in interviews with youthful African Americans the core of the issue lies in the â€Å"cool-present culture† of the youthful guys attempting to carry on with an existence of gatherings, drugs, hanging with the homies, sexual relations, and simply attempting to looking cool turns into a lifestyle (pp. A). This is just an incomplete clarification however in looking through investigations measurements, and the historical backdrop of ignorance among African Americans I’ve found the issue is as tangled as my bundles of yarn. Lack of education is an issue among African Americans particularly pervasive among the jail populace. Proficiency is a vital aspect for opening the entryway to a wrongdoing free life for ex-cons. As to lack of education being the reason for higher crime percentages of that I have not seen any proof possibly in support of despite the fact that reviews and research point to absence of education being a solid pointer to future crime it's anything but an absolute.Whether the issue of ignorance will start to be tended to in K-12 evaluation, or once a youngster has gotten detained is sketchy. It gives the idea that regardless of what the appropriate response the arrangements will require support from all territories of the network so as to be effective in tending to the issue completely. References Drakeford, W. (2002). The Impact of an Intensive Program to Increase the Literacy Skills of Youth Confined to Juvenile Corrections. Diary of Correctional Education, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p139-144, 6p. Recovered April 17, 2008. from http://web. ebscohost. com Foner, E. (2006). Give ME Liberty! An American History.New York: W. W Norton and Company Ltd. Proficiency Behind Bars: Results From the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy Prison Survey, http://nces. ed. gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo. asp? pubid=2007473 Nealy, M. J. (2008). Dark MEN LEFT OUT AND LOCKED UP. Different: Issues in Higher Education. Vol. 24 Issue 26, p20-22, 3p. Recovered April 17, 2008. from http://web. ebscohost. com Patterson, O. (2006, March 26 ) A Poverty of the Mind. New York Times. Recovered April 17, 2008, from http://www. nytimes. com Roman, S. ( 2004). Ignorance AND OLDER ADULTS: INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS. Instructive Gerontology. Vol. 0 Issue 2, p79-93, 15p. . Recovered April 17, 2008 from http://web. ebscohost. com Staples, B. (2006, January 1). Why Slave-Era Barriers to Black Literacy Still Matter. New York Times. Recovered April 17, 2008, from http://www. nytimes. com U. S. Division of Justice (2001) Federal Bureau of Prisons, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Special Report. Recovered May 15, 2008. http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/bar/ascii/spe01. txt Western, B. (2007). Mass Imprisonment and Economic Inequality. Social Research, Vol. 74 Issue 2, p509-532, 24p. Recovered April 17, 2008 from http://web. ebscohost. com

Top Commentators Award For December 2009

Top Commentators Award For December 2009 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top Commentators Award For December 2009Updated On 05/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : EditorialShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozfOi9 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogHappy New Year to all the fellow bloggers and beloved readers of HellBound Bloggers community! Hope you had a great party yesterday night. Unfortunately I was down with Fever! ??We placed banners (125*125) of Top 2 Commentators of November on the sidebar for a period of 1 month and this month it is going to Senthil Ramesh from Novice Bloggers and SriGanesh from Animhut.Congrats to them and I would like to thank all the commentators for their active participation! ??MUST READ : 1. Brand Your Comments To Drive Traffic To Your Blog2. HellBound Bloggers Comments Policy  I guess you might have made lot of New Year resolutions.But always remember thatGood resolutions are simply checks that men draw on a bank where they have no account Oscar WildeHa ha..Once again Happy New Year. Have Fun and Rock On!READFemale Bloggers Who Commented On This Blog

Role of Supernatural in Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights...

Witches Brew and Fairy Dreams: A Genre Study of Shakespeares Use of the Supernatural (Penn State University, English 444.2: Spring 1998) by Fred Coppersmith Near the end of the opening scene of Macbeth, Shakespeares three Weird Sisters proclaim in unison that fair is foul, and foul is fair, providing us, as readers, with perhaps the best understanding of the plays theme and the tragic downfall of its central character. That this revelation -- this pronouncement that all is not well in Scotland -- comes from a supernatural or otherworldly source is very telling and gives us, I believe, ample cause to further explore the function of the supernatural within the drama. A genuine understanding of Shakespeares reliance on the spirit†¦show more content†¦Macbeth truly is wicked, having murdered Duncan, the king, and taken his place -- having fulfilled the prophecy foreseen by the witches and stepped onto the path that, as the otherworldly Hecate proclaims, shall draw him on to his confusion or ruin. The sisters, then, are a constant reminder to the audience of the darkness that consumes Macbeth, of the unholy acts that he has committed and the tragedy that he brings upon himself. When Hecate reminds the three that security is mortals chiefest enemy, we can (especially upon subsequent readings) view this as a foreshadowing of Macbeths undoing, a sign of the true tragedy that is to follow. For while Macbeth may indeed spurn fate, scorn death, and bear his hopes ‘bove wisdom, grace, and fear, he cannot escape the consequences of the witches prophecy. While the supernatural is also put to substantial use in A Midsummer Nights Dream, its effect on the play is remarkably different. There, rather than cast the action in somber shadows as in Macbeth, the otherworldly Fairies enhance the comedic nature of the text. They can be viewed, in fact, as comic plot devices, created not so much to comment on the action of the play as to move it along. They are active participants rather than passive observers, affecting the outcome rather than simply reminding us of its inevitability. Another of the most strikingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1357 Words   |  6 Pagesfall into chaos. Within Shakespeare’s ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ these rules can be undermined in the confines of settings in which the supernatural reigns, allowing the char acters to grow and develop before returning to society as changed people. Through this creation of comedic disorder, characters of authority are often displaced from their positions within a social hierarchy, thus making the supernatural an integral part of Shakespeare’s comedy. Without the supernatural elements that feature soRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Creation of the Magical World of the Fairies in Midsummer Nights Dream1136 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Creation of the Magical World of the Fairies in Midsummer Nights Dream I feel that the fairies are the very heart of a Midsummer Nights Dream. It is because of fairy magic that we can call some of the action a dream. Nearly everything revolves around them such as nature, humans, emotions, settings, life, death and the weather. Most of the things that happen in the play have some relation to the fairies. 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William Shakespeare was one of the most influential playwrights, is known today for his plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, A Midsummer Nights Dream and many other interesting and different plays. We in the 21st century enjoy Shakespeare’s plays for a variety of reasons. His plays have different themes like love, ambition, pride, friendship, supernatural, etc. His language is rich andRead More Imagery in The Tempest, by William Shakespeare Essay3748 Words   |  15 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares play The Tempest utilizes extensive imagery which goes beyond merely creating atmosphere and background or emphasizing the major themes of the play. The supernatural plays a considerable role in the play, thus so does the use of imagery, which is more extensive and somewhat different from many other of Shakespeares works. The imagery is used as a mediator of supernatural powers, to emphasize the natural scene of action, and establish the enchanted island which

A Brief Note On Race And Gender Oppression - 1880 Words

It is a common fantasy of science fiction writers to imagine a world rid of the social ills of our own–where disease, famine, poverty, and even the hierarchies of race, gender, ability, and class so well known to us are distant memories from a bygone era. These writers, many of whom are white men, in their own eyes might envision these progressive futures, freer societies than ours, as being written specifically for the oppressed–a distraction, meant to give hope for humanity’s future, from the injustices of their present. In the majority of cases, however, they do so with little success, instead mirroring the systems of oppression they sought to subvert in their works. Despite the omission of race and gender oppression their authors sought to implement in their creation, the worlds of both The Stars My Destination and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep are occupied in part by the racialized bodies of men and women, with the women in particular struggling in the ir settings for the recognition and affirmation of humanity afforded their narratives’ white-coded, male protagonists. Moreover, these attempts by the science fiction genre’s predominately white, male authors to leave racism and sexism out of their work, while perhaps rooted in a sense of progressivism, are in fact more a representation of their real-world desire to â€Å"move on† from these systems of oppression without sacrificing their privilege inherent to these systems’ continued existence. 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Mental DisorderSchizophrenia - 1328 Words

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a disease of the brain and is known as one of the most disabling and emotionally devastating mental disorders. It is accompanied by a variety of symptoms, such as distortion from reality, emotional, behavioral, and intellectual disturbances. It is somewhat common, with 1 to one and a half of the population diagnosed, but it is usually misunderstood by the public, which is why researchers have been trying to find the exact cause of this disease and how it can be treated so people affected are able to live a healthy lifestyle with this debilitating condition. The symptoms of schizophrenia may be looked at as positive or negative. People with positive symptoms often lose touch†¦show more content†¦Someone who may have a history of psychiatric illnesses in their family , such as bipolar disorder, depression, etc, have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia themselves. A study performed on twins have shown that if one twin has schizophrenia, the other twin who has the same exact genes as his/her siblings, is only a 50%. Another study done in Finland stated that adopted children that had a higher risk of developing schizophrenia, eventually had an 86% lower rate of developing the disease when brought up in a healthy family. In the healthy family, 6% of children developed the disease, whereas in the dysfunctional family, 37% of children are affected. Environmental influences can range from three main types, fetal issues, drug use, and life experiences. Fetal issues deals with things that happen during pregnancy. For example, if a mother is malnourished, it can put the baby at a higher risk for developing schizophrenia in later life. Also high levels of maternal stress, low oxygen levels, and fetal infections can lead to a higher risk for schizophrenia. Another factor is drug use. Drug use is very common among the mentally ill, but it is unclear whether the high use of drugs by schizophrenics actually causes the disease or is a result of it. Schizophrenia is a life long condition, which usually isShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia- Mental Disorder1002 Words   |  5 Pagesthe mental breakdown that forever changed his life. On an early, extremely cold winter morning in northern Iowa, Ron walked out of the farm house in only his underwear, through the large cornfield, and down to the Yellow River that was frozen over with a thin layer of ice. Luckily, his parents caught him in time before he had fallen through the thin ice. Ron was soon rushed to a mental institution where he was observed by psychiatrists that later diagnosed him with disorganized schizophrenia. SchizophreniaRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Mental Disorder? 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Individuals full heartedly believe the hallucinations are real and it may be hard for loved ones to watch. Social situations are difficult for patients diagnosed because social norms are harder to express. ItRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Disorders992 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia While some may understand the concept of not having control over a specific disorder, fewer are able to imagine living with a disorder in which an altered perception of reality is created. â€Å"Schizophrenia is, in fact, a class of disorders that causes a distortion of reality to occur to its patients and effects the lives of many individuals to this day (Feldman, 2013). 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Lack of access to Palliative Care-Myassignmenthelp-Myassignment

Question: Write an Essay on Lack of access to Palliative Care. Answer: Introduction End of life care is particularly challenging for the healthcare professionals as it requires extensive collaboration and critical insight to ensure health and wellbeing of the distressed individuals in need of care. In contrast to the terminally ill patients who require palliative care services for management of their condition, the ones afflicted by dementia like disorders is shrouded with impediments that hamper their quality of life significantly. Dementia has been identified as a debilitating syndrome that causes progressive deterioration of the cognitive brain functioning encompassing memory, perception, reasoning, understanding and behavior. The geriatric population is more vulnerable to acquire this condition and majority of the incidences reportedly occur at age 65 years or more (World Health Organization, 2017). Data in the context of Australia for the year 2014 has revealed that dementia including Alzheimers disease is the second leading cause of death accounting for 7.8% o f total mortalities in Australia (Abs.gov.au, 2017). In consideration of the above situation it is imperative to resort to prudent approaches as offered through palliative care facilities for enhancing the prevalent scenario with respect to the dementia patients living in Australia. The following essay will highlight on three relevant issues that might hinder the provision of person-centered and family focused palliative care for older people living with end-stage dementia in residential aged care facilities in Australia itself. Issues that may hinder the provision of person-centered and family focused palliative care for older people living with end-stage dementia in residential aged care facilities in Australia Rendering person-centered and family focused palliative care for older people thriving with end-stage dementia in case of aged care facilities may be disrupted due to pervasiveness of various issues such as paucity of access to palliative care, communication problems and faulty pain management. These issues impede the proper management of the deleterious health condition of dementia that tends to rob oneself of her personal stand. Lack of access to palliative care Dementia is a potentially debilitating illness in which the declining cognitive status of the affected person majorly influences the judgment, reasoning, memory and communication skills thereby posing threat to the victims. Hence, providing adequate and most appropriate treatment intervention is a challenging task for the healthcare professionals. Moreover, end stage dementia is particularly hard to handle due to insufficient and considerable knowledge acquisition on the part of healthcare professionals in addition to limited resources and dearth of curative therapies. Transcending the traditional care with respect to dementia patients, novel and improved healthcare practices are required to remedy the sufferings of the dementia affected patients as well as their families thereby providing opportunities for maximizing the quality of life of them across various stages of illness. Poor outcomes because of end of life issues in dementia patients is of particular botheration as it tend t o jeopardize the stability in a persons life and incur threats to health (Lee et al. 2017). Further, researches carried out with respect to the provision of end-of-life care depicted that despite being a terminal illness condition; dementia is often undermined that leads to inadequate healthcare delivery. People with end stage dementia do not have access to most suited end-of-life care needs that compromise their healthcare outcomes in a major way. In contrast to other terminal illness, stereotype and stigma is attached with dementia that makes it more difficult to combat the adverse outcomes. Difficulty in dementia diagnosis coupled with lack of education regarding the disorder by the healthcare workforce, families and caregivers predisposes the vulnerable group of elderly population to encounter the wraths and negative repercussions. Inability to detect complications associated with end stage dementia by the healthcare professionals further aggravates the problem and harness poor end-of-life outcomes to strategize suitable interventions based on the individualized needs of the affected dementia person. The composite needs of the victims are not succinctly addressed due to such negative results emanating from dearth of clinical expertise and insight for recognizing the specific symptoms of dementia. Fewer referrals to suitable palliative care facilities are another major hindrance (Dowling et al. 2015). The culturally, linguistically and ethnically diverse groups are particularly susceptible to face discrimination in terms of access to healthcare and equity in service provision. Therefore, timely diagnosis and prompt intervention are delayed that procrastinates the chances of recovery of the dementia patient in a huge manner. Adequate navigation of the healthcare system if not fulfilled satisfactorily has the ability to diminish the service outcomes for dementia patients in spite of exhibition of similar symptoms like that of pain, confusion, agitation, lack of sleep and eating as happens in terminal illness like cancer (King, Goeman and Koch 2015). Communication issues In contemporary healthcare sector, communication is considered crucial and complementary to other modes of therapeutic interventions for deriving optimal benefits for the distressed patient. In case of dementia-affected patients, similar results may be expected out of appropriate following of communication strategies. The affected individuals may not always verbally articulate sufferings instead, they may resort to expressing their issues of concern through behavioral gestures and similar symptoms. Functional decline of the dementia sufferers is commonly noted that may be indicative of the diagnostic presence of dementia in the concerned individual. Thus, the general practitioners through cooperative and synergistic efforts received from other allied healthcare professionals are capable of rendering accurate diagnosis and management for dementia. Empirical evidences have offered resolution in mitigating the challenging issues with respect to the dementia patients through undertaking of proper training, encouraging the dementia-affected to continue with exercise programs, healthy dietary intake and self-sufficient activities of daily living as much as practicable. Therefore, understanding the underlying symptoms through critical reflection is important for the health service providers to address the situation satisfactorily and has been categorically stated in the clinical practice guidelines for elderly dementia patients (Dyer et al. 2016). Apart from the healthcare workers, the family members who remain in close association with the patient might also encounter challenges to comprehend the immediate situation that indicate the behavioral underpinning linked to dementia. The healthcare prioritization of dementia like condition have garnered considerable attention in recent circumstances that further necessitated the need to incorporate all the elements surrounding dementia care to harbor positive outcomes. Emphasis has been attached to consider revision of care givers needs in liaison with the cultural values for reducing the subjective burden associated with dementia. The caregiver support mechanisms has been suggested to rest in conformity with the allied concepts of dementia care for prudent intervention regarding the matter. The ability to listen, respond and construe depending on the patients situation has been identified particularly important (Xiao et al. 2014). Better communication and comprehension of the non-verbal behavioral responses is likely to ensure the smooth implementation of the therapeutic interventions aimed to ameliorate the symptoms of the dementia patient. Non-verbal communication has been recognized as the most suitable therapeutic target through psychological intervention models within the delivery care framework. Specifically dementia and Alzheimers disease has been reportedly lead to the generation of improved outcomes through utilization of various technological resources so that communication between people wi th dementia and their caregivers presents significant transformation (Chenery et al. 2016). The inability to voice their feelings or express with the help of words should not stand on the way of offering appropriate health service to the patient, instead behavioral responses and facial expressions must be taken into consideration while assessing the dementia condition for the concerned affected person. The changing behavioral pattern in course of progressive stages of dementia need to be kept into account by the attending healthcare professionals to deal with the ensuing situation perfectly. Study findings suggest that increased education in addition to support for families circumscribing issues pertinent to end-of-life care decisions is fruitful for advanced dementia. In case, the patients do not have the capacity to take decisions about treatment modalities in end of life, the same must be entrusted upon the near ones of the patient comprising of family members preferably. The nec essary decisions on patients behalf will be taken by that concerned individual, which is to be clearly defined in statements surrounding advanced care planning where explanations for choices in end-of-life care will be documented (Reinhardt et al. 2014). Pain management There has been speculation regarding the use of analgesic medications in case of the dementia-affected individuals that has largely accounted for the reduced use of pain reliving medicines in case of such patients. Improper and decreased pain management is thus noticed. Effective treatment faces barriers in absence of successful communication of pain for severe dementia. Systematic study of facial expressions has brought to the forefront distinguished characteristics specific to the perception of pain that hold potential for future implication to alleviate dementia symptoms through proper therapeutic administration. The reliable indicators of pain has been found to be confounded by factors such as contextual variables, observers bias in addition to overall state of the individuals health and wellbeing. Thus, the susceptibility to pain by the elderly individuals is likely to be resolved by allaying the possibilities of under-recognition, under-treatment and under-estimation (Hadjistav ropoulos et al. 2014). Issues like that of grimacing pain because of progressive illness that cause significant decline of their health status compound dementia patients approaching end of life. The healthcare assistants recruited at the aged care facilities spend a bulk proportion of time with the ailing patients as opposed to other healthcare personnel thereby acting as the frontline healthcare workforce responsible for offering accurate healthcare service to the dementia patients. They conduct the operations related to identification of pain in the dementia-affected persons and reporting to the immediate authority for prompt medical intervention. Literature has supported the up skilling of this group of healthcare team members and reversal of the stigma attached to the role to render safe and quality dementia care for the concerned persons (Jansen et al. 2017). Targeted pain management services through incorporation of relevant pain assessment tools has been highlighted in furthe r study to allow better understanding in relation to the prescribing practices within the aged care facilities thereby accounting for improved quality of life for those affected persons (Tan et al. 2014). Healthcare staff and informal caregivers who remain in close proximity with the dementia afflicted patients in the aged care facilities exhibit attitudinal and knowledge barriers in assessment of pain that threaten the status of those persons because of exerting significant influence over practice behaviour. Thus, discernible attention and prudent intervention with respect to pain management through knowledge and other skills acquisition is desirable to elicit positive responses through better pain handling in the dementia patients during their end-of-life care (Chandler et al. 2017). Critically analyses Management of dementia in aged care facilities calls for greater insight, prudence and pragmatism through utilization of suitable multidimensional composite healthcare interventions that are capable of eliciting positive results on application. A team comprising of interdisciplinary healthcare members may undertake measures that properly address the needs of the dementia patients so that quality of life of both patient as well as caregiver may be improved. Prognosis, management and advanced care planning for the dementia patients are likely to culminate in generating holistic outcomes that will cause emancipation of the individuals health in addition to assessing their palliative care needs (Brody 2016). Delivery of effective dementia care planning has been found to be thwarted due to poor symptom assessment alongside possible inappropriate prescription of antipsychotic medication that may be further attributed to the lacunae in understanding and knowledge in managing dementia patien ts by the healthcare workers during their clinical intervention (OShea et al. 2015). Deeper probe into matters relevant to the dementia patients have referred to both the under-treatment and under-recognition of pain among the elderly dementia patients. The deficits in nursing knowledge and attitudes owing to the complexity and individualization with respect to pain behaviors have been held responsible for such implications. However, a standardized approach to pain management in conjunction with workforce stability and accessibility of proper training for the nurses might lead to successful management of pain in case of dementia patients (McIlfatrick 2015). Further, critical appraisal of dementia patient condition has talked about implementation of a facilitated approach to better equip with relevant resources essential to deal with older patients suffering from dementia. A collaborative nursing home culture supported by activities and ongoing associations for the healthcare workers is desirable to ensure safe and quality healthcare facility for dementia affected, palliative care patients (Luckett et al. 2017). Recommendation Positive healthcare outcomes specific to the elderly dementia patients may be represented through access to palliative healthcare services in residential aged care settings where the nurses and other healthcare staff make endeavors to render all round support for managing their condition. Information available in the context of Australia suggest that the escalating numbers of dementia diagnosed patients require extensive care in the form of palliative care services as accessible in the aged care facilities to ameliorate their declining health status symptoms (Aihw.gov.au, 2017). Empirical evidences have argued in favor of improvising and implementing appropriate interventions for the sake of addressing the end-of-life care services specific to the dementia patients that aim to harp on matters related to the challenges in course of the illness and trajectory. In conjunction with the interactive responses, the non-verbal communication has been considered crucial to better manage the co ndition besides being heed to the sufferings of the caregivers who remain in close association with the patients (Rexach2012). Apart from the traditional modalities of dementia management, it has been increasingly emphasized to recover the knowledge deficits and apply relevant learning, desirable skills regarding palliative care management of dementia patients among the healthcare workers and families of patients surviving with dementia that may be enhanced through evidence based practice. Palliative care has been identified as a potential way of managing dementia to live up to the heightened demands of optimal care for dementia afflicted (Robinson et al. 2014). Further, recommendations have highlighted on maintaining the ethical and legal standards of practice in nursing for safeguarding the choices, autonomy and dignity of the patients by means of providing insight pertaining to advanced care planning (ACP) that in turn may be facilitated through arranging training sessions for th e concerned healthcare professionals in charge of dementia affected patients (Health.gov.au, 2017). Conclusion Critical evaluation of the condition prevalent among the dementia patients receiving end of life care has brought to the forefront the barriers to management of such individuals within the residential setting framework of palliative care unit. Until date no cure for dementia has been discovered, however alleviation of the symptoms associated with the disorder has been found to be effective in tackling the situation specific to the patient. Therefore, it must be ensured so that they get access to specialized palliative care health services at par with others suffering from terminal illness. Accurate assessment and interpretation of the patient situation carried out by the nurses and other healthcare personnel is crucial to treat them holistically by catering to their individualized needs. Pragmatic observation of both the verbal as well as nom-verbal communication is beneficial in this respect where the nurses may satisfactorily acknowledge the distinctive scenario. Further, the pain management regime needs to be well monitored and comprehensive to prevent adverse outcomes and ensure better quality of life for the dementia affected old. Overall the end of life care for dementia patients needs to be framed in coalition with inputs received the respective healthcare professionals, the patient and their families so that all aspects of health including the physical, emotional, spiritual, as well as cultural domains is addressed for harboring optimal outcomes. References Abs.gov.au (2017).3303.0 - Causes of Death, Australia, 2014. [online] Abs.gov.au. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/3303.0~2014~Main%20Features~Dementia,%20including%20Alzheimer%20disease%20(F01,%20F03,%20G30)~10040 [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Aihw.gov.au (2017).Palliative care services in Australia (AIHW). [online] Aihw.gov.au. Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/palliative-care/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Brody, A.A., 2016. Dementia palliative care. InDementia Care(pp. 247-260). Springer International Publishing. C Chandler, R., MG Zwakhalen, S., Docking, R., Bruneau, B. and Schofield, P., 2017. 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